Digital/Analogue Two-Way Radio Products

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7031/7041 FAQ

Tx and Rx FFSK Data Operations Q. Is there a recommended procedure for handling FFSK/MSK data in transmit or receive modes when using the CMX70x1 (7031/7041FI-1.3) Two-Way Radio Processor ICs? A. The linked pdf document provides an overview in the form of flow charts that illustrate which C-BUS registers need to be written-to and read-from when attempting a data transmission. It is indicative only and provides a minimum set of reads/writes to achieve successful data transfer.[CMX70x1 Tx and Rx FFSK Data Operations]

Function Image 1.x – Auxiliary ADCs Q. Are there any differences between the CMX70x1 FI – 1.x and the CMX88x series of devices in the way the AuxADC handles interrupts when a signal passes through the high and low threshold points? A. The threshold facility allows the relevant devices to trigger an interrupt when a signal exceeds the high threshold limit or falls below the lower threshold limit. This is a useful feature when trying to detect changes in received signal strengths or voice activity for example. These thresholds are programmable which allows a lot of flexibility when designing a system. Please note though that there is a subtle difference between the way the CMX70x1 FI – 1.x and the CMX88x series of devices handle the resultant interrupts. The following link will take you to an illustration of how interrupts are handled. [Auxiliary ADC Interrupts]

Scrambling Q. Can you give me any information on the use of scrambling when using these products? A. In order to achieve reasonable intelligibility of recovered scrambled/descrambled speech, the limitations detailed in the linked document should be considered. [Frequency Inversion Scrambling]

FI-1x Q. I am about to start to use the CMX7041 in an application that uses CTCSS and FFSK data, do you have a worked example or illustration that I can refer to? A. The following link will take you to a document that includes 4 basic examples both in transmit and receive. Signal paths and C-BUS register settings are shown for clarity. [view document]

FI-2x Q. I am about to evaluate the CMX70x1 FI2.0 (4FSK Modem) using the PE0201, what recommendations can you give me? A. Operation is straightforward when following the instructions in the user manuals and FAQs, however a modest modification to the PE0201 is recommended. The baseband signal requires a Tx-to-Rx channel with a relatively flat frequency response. To achieve this with the PE0201 kit from the default build will require the removal and replacement of certain capacitors.

• C21 and C22 on the Mod1 and Mod2 paths should be removed
• C11 at the discriminator input must be replaced by a zero ohm link
• The removal of C17 may also benefit performance
• All other components may remain the same

Note: If evaluating the 7041FI-2.x with a PE0401 kit the same modifications should be made.

FI-3.x modified: 11/05/07 Q. I am about to evaluate the CMX70x1 FI3.0 (C4FM Modem) using the PE0201 what recommendations can you give me? A. Operation is straightforward when following the instructions in the user manuals and FAQs however a modest modification to the PE0201 is recommended. The baseband signal requires a Tx-to-Rx channel with a relatively flat frequency response. To achieve this with the PE0201 kit from the default build will require the removal and replacement of certain capacitors.

• C21 and C22 on the Mod1 and Mod2 paths should be removed
• C11 at the discriminator input must be replaced by a zero ohm link
• The removal of C17 may also benefit performance
• All other components may remain the same

Note: If evaluating the 7041FI-2.x with a PE0402 kit the same modifications should be made.

Function Images Q. How long does it take to download a typical Function Image (FI) to a member of the CMX70xx family of devices? A. The largest factor in overall Function Image (FI) download time is the main sequence of writing words to the IC’s programming register ($C8). We will consider the repetitive nature of the recommended sequence in the linked illustration. We can see that: Download Time = FI word count x (TREAD + TWRITE + TMEM + TREG). Where:

• TREAD and TWRITE are largely determined by C-BUS sclk speed. Up to a maximum of 5Mbps
• TMEM is determined by host processor memory access time. Dependent on processor speed and latency etc. Much will depend on whether the host processor is only processing the FI download or not. Concurrent processing on the host is not recommended when downloading the FI.
• TREG is determined by the local clock or crystal source (and sys clock settings)

For a 6.144MHz clock we can approximate TREG ˜ 5.3us For a 19.2MHz clock we can approximate TREG ˜ 1.6us In evaluation it was shown that not using interrupts but polling the Status Register until the programming flag is set ($C6, b0), achieved best overall performance. This approach is further enhanced if the time taken by 8 x C-BUS sclk cycles is greater that the time taken for the CMX70xx to process a single prewritten Word. Or: 1/Sclk x 8 < TREG This process then takes advantage of the fact that the times TREAD and TREG are independent processes and can take place concurrently. The following link takes you to an illustration of this improved method. Example: Assume a maximum FI size of 23kWords, 2Mbps sclk, 6.144MHz clock source and a host processor latency of 10us. The calculation includes the improvement introduced by polling only (interrupt is masked) so TREG has been removed. Download Time = FI word count x (TREAD + TWRITE + TMEM) 1/Sclk x 8 = 4us which is less than 5.3us so the above equation is valid Therefore: Download Time = 23k x (12us + 12us + 10us) = 800ms Notes:

1. Power cycling, resets of the CMX70xx will also add to the overall time. However under normal circumstances a FI re-write does not require power cycling a reset procedure will be sufficient.
2. In practice real FI sizes will be less than the maximum 23Words, typical sizes will be half this figure. Please refer to the relevant FI pages on the CML web portal (My_CML).

Conclusion It can be seen that FI downloads can reliably be written in no more than a few seconds. Updating an existing FI with a new variant will take no longer than the initial install as the RESET procedure is very quick. The largest delay to FI installation potentially is the host processor latency and the speed at which the C-BUS sclk is driven.

Q. What are the NWR functions? A. A new feature is the provision of NWR, which allows customers in the USA to decode and respond to the NWR / NOAA weather broadcasts. The new signal processing architecture of the CMX7031/CMX7041 allows this signal to be decoded in parallel with the other PMR / FRS signal processing.

Q. What are the C-BUS differences between the CMX7031/CMX7041 and the 88x series? A. The CMX7031 and CMX7041 are based on the successful 88x series of devices but offer some significant improvements and many functional enhancements. The flexibility of the FirmASIC platform allows for further development and features can be added as required. Some changes have been made to the C-BUS host interface to accommodate the complete set of features from the 88x series and the additional features of the 7031, however, whenever possible, backwards compatibility has been maintained to ease the transition to the new family. The AuxADC/TX Mod Mode, Analog Output Gain and Input Gain registers ($A7, $B0, $B1) must be used to set up the Audio routing through the device. The Powerdown, Mode Control, Interrupt Mask and Interrupt Status registers ($C0, $C1, $CE, $C6) have been changed to support the new functionality. The sub-audio signalling (CTCSS and DCS) control and reporting has been rationalised to use the Audio Control and Tone Status registers ($C2, $CC). The In-band signalling has been expanded to include DTMF Rx and uses Tx In-Band tones and Tone Status registers ($C3, $CC). All In-band tones activity is signalled to the host via IRQ bit13 (this includes DTMF Rx). The frequency resolution of the Selcall and Custom tones has been improved, but the consequence is that the values used in the Program Registers are different from the 88x series. New Program block registers have been introduced to support the new and improved functionality.

Continuous DSC test transmissions. 
Q.  A requirement of maritime DSC transmissions (ETSI EN 300 338) is the ability to transmit continuous B, Y and dotting patterns to allow symbol rate and frequency characteristics to be measured.  How is this performed when using the DSC functionality in the 7031/7041FI-1.5, 2WR processor.  
A. The 7031/7041FI-1.5 does not support a specific function that enables the transmission of a B or Y symbol sequence nor a dotting pattern however there is a way to achieve this by using raw mode.   When in raw transmit mode if the host processor only writes a single 16-bit word to the Tx Data 1 Register ($CA) the 7031/7041FI-1.5 will retransmit the same word until the transmit mode is disabled.  Therefore, the host may simply write known word to generate a continuous sequence at the output, these values being 0x5555 for a continuous dotting pattern, 0xFFFF for the Y symbol data and 0x0000 for the B symbol data.

FAQ and Applications Disclaimer Notice Information, or software, viewed or downloaded from the CML FAQ or Application Notes sections of the CML website is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness for a purpose, or the warranty of non-infringement. CML reserves the right to make changes to the information available at any time and assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Reproduction of information from the CML website is permissible only if wholly reproduced and without alteration, and is accompanied by all associated conditions, limitations, notices and associated warranties.

Copyright © 2014 CML Microsystems Plc – All Rights Reserved

7031/7041FI-1.3.x.x Configuration Guide

This Configuration Guide is intended to illustrate the signal routing through the CMX7031 and CMX7041 as a visual aid to configuring the device for each specific operation. It is currently specific to Function ImagesTM 7031/7041FI-1.3.6.x, 7031/7041FI-1.3.7.x, 7031/7041FI-1.3.8.x and 7031/7041FI-1.3.9.x although it may be found largely suitable for similar revisions. The Configuration Guide is not intended to cover all of the hardware, functions or possible set-up modes. It is a virtual representation of the device and does not reflect the true architecture.

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CMX7031/CMX7041 - FI-2.0 for US 6.25kHz Digital Radio

The CMX7031 and CMX7041 devices use CML’s FirmASIC® technology to deliver multiple feature suites from a single flexible IC. A specific feature suite is determined by loading a particular Function Image™ into the IC, which allows the user to change device function and operation. This capability allows a single CMX7031 or CMX7041 device to provide functions supporting all of analog only, digital (voice) only, and multi-mode analog/digital voice radio designs.

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CMX7031 - Synthesiser Lock Time

This document has been produced to illustrate the performance of the integrated synthesisers used in the CMX7031 Two-Way Radio Processor IC. The functionally complete CMX7031 IC includes two fully programmable on-chip synthesisers; both are designed to operate from 100MHz to 600MHz and are both Integer-N types. The advantages of this approach are that it becomes easier to develop closely coupled, low noise and well understood two-way radios with only external VCO and loop filter components required. This application note must be used in conjunction with the CMX7031 datasheet and user manual. It is intended that this application note can be used with all versions of Function Image.

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CMX7031/CMX7041 - NOAA Weather Radio Operations

The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a USA government agency, continuously transmits weather and public emergency information throughout the United States. These broadcasts, commonly referred to as NOAA Weather Radio or NWR, can be freely received by radios that have been designed to receive these signals. This purpose of this document is to describe the NOAA Weather Radio (NWR) service and how the CMX7031 or CMX7041 can serve in this application. Anyone designing two-way radio equipment with the CMX7031 or CMX7041 can potentially benefit from the information contained in this application note.

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CMX7031 - Synthesiser Calculator (and Spreadsheet)

A Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet, “CMX7031 Synthesiser Calculator”, has been developed by CML to

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CMX7031: Example Core Design for a Complete Family Radio

CMX7031: Example Core Design for a Complete Family Radio

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CMX703x/CMX704x Writing a Function Image File to Serial Memory

Writing a Function Image File to Serial Memory

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CMX7041 - Two-Point Modulation for dPMR

Two-Point Modulation for dPMR using the CMX7041

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CMX7031/41 - Evaluating the Different FFSK Modes

A pair of scripts suitable for evaluating the different FFSK modes and switches on the 7031/704141FI-1.3.x. Numerous switches and user defined variables allow extensive evaluation of the FFSK modes.

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CMX7031/41 - Xtal/clock Frequency Setting for FI-1.x

This script changes the Program Block P3 to allow operation with different crystals or clock inputs. The clock is selected using a simple variable, OscSelect, and is mapped exactly to the table in the 7031/70441FI-1.3.x Datasheet. The script will also run on the PE0401, PE0402 and the PE0201.

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CMX7031/41 - ClockSet FI-3.x

Set up the clock on the CMX7031/41 using the values tabled in the data sheet.

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CMX7031/41 - CMXsynth1 450M

Synthesiser set-up example. Target board is the PE0201.

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CMX7031/41 - Rx and TX - 13 coded bytes over 3Bursts. FI-3.x

A pair of scripts to demonstrate data transfer. 13 bytes are transferred over 3 bursts.

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CMX7031/41 - RAMDAC FI-3.x

Ramp up and down RAMDAC with a short data burst. Write AuxDAC1 directly after stopping RAMDAC. Includes test mode to toggle the RAMDAC.

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CMX7031 - ClkGen2_7031

Generates a clock from SYSCLK2 output.

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PE0201 Clock Input for 19.2MHz using a polling unterrupt.

The CMX7031/41 FI-1.2x and 1.3x require 6.144MHz master clocks but the PE0201 only provides a 19.2MHz clock. This script uses interrupts

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PE0402 for 6.144MHz Operation

Changes the PE0402 programming block to allow operation at 6.144MHz Note that some Function Images cannot operate at 6.144MHz

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C-BUS Guides

Guides to operation and interfacing

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Variable Split-Band Scrambling

How it works

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PE0201 Board Schematics

PE0201 Board Schematics

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PE0201 Thick Stubs

Thick stubs for programming the serial memory on the PE0201 with Function Images.

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PE0402 Board Schematics

PE0402 Board Schematics

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Package: Q1

64-pin VQFN

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Package: Q3

48-pin VQFN

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Package: L4

48-pin LQFP

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Package: L9

64-pin LQFP

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